Case Study: How I Used Data to Build a Successful BIP

Introduction to Using Data to Build a Successful BIP

Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs) are powerful tools for addressing challenging student behaviors, but they’re not one-size-fits-all solutions. To be effective, a BIP must be data-driven, individualized, and implemented with consistency. In this case study, I’ll walk you through how I used a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) to design and implement a BIP that successfully reduced oppositional and disruptive behaviors tied to task refusal and denial of preferred items.

The Student and the Behavior

Meet James, a third-grader in a self-contained classroom. James frequently displayed defiant and disruptive behaviors—such as arguing with adults, leaving the room, or slamming materials—especially when presented with non-preferred tasks or when denied access to preferred items (like his classroom computer). These behaviors often occurred during transition times or when he was asked to complete work he disliked.

To better understand and address James’s behaviors, I conducted a thorough Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA). The goal was to gather enough useful information to be able to create a successful BIP.

Step 1: Conducting the FBA

The FBA offered key insights into why James was engaging in these behaviors. To collect the necessary data, I used a variety of tools including:

Direct Observations – Noting the timing, triggers, and patterns of James’s behavior during different types of tasks and transitions
ABC Data Charts – Recording what occurred before (antecedents), during (behavior), and after (consequences) each incident
Teacher Interviews – Getting feedback from classroom staff about what seemed to trigger or escalate James’s behaviors
Records Review – Looking at James’s academic history and past behavior interventions

Findings from the FBA

The data pointed to two primary functions:

Escape/Avoidance – James used defiance and disruption to avoid tasks he found unpleasant or overwhelming. In some cases, this was tied to academic frustration; in others, it appeared related to low motivation, difficulty tolerating non-preferred activities, or a desire to maintain access to preferred items.
Access to Preferred Items – When denied access to the classroom computer or other preferred items, James would often escalate behaviors to regain access.

These findings shaped the functional hypothesis and became the foundation for creating a succusful BIP for James.

Step 2: Building a Successful BIP

Based on the FBA results, I created a BIP tailored to James’s specific triggers and needs. The goal: reduce defiant and disruptive behaviors by addressing task refusal and denial of preferred items through proactive support, skill-building, and consistent reinforcement.

1. Antecedent Manipulations (Proactive Strategies)

Previewing Transitions – James received verbal and visual cues before transitioning away from preferred activities like computer time.
Work-Break Schedules – A visual schedule alternated short work periods with access to a preferred item, helping James see when he’d regain access.
Task Modification – Academic tasks were broken into smaller chunks to reduce overwhelm and refusal.
Structured Choices – James was given choices within tasks (e.g., “Do you want to use markers or pencils?”) to increase his sense of control.

2. Teaching Replacement Behaviors (Instructional Procedures)

Requesting Breaks or Help – James was taught to use a break card or ask for help instead of engaging in disruptive behaviors.
Self-Regulation Tools – Breathing techniques and calming visuals were introduced as alternatives to escalation.
Using a Preferred Activity Menu – James practiced choosing from a limited list of preferred activities after task completion to reinforce appropriate behavior.

3. Reinforcement Procedures

Token Economy – James earned tokens for following directions, completing tasks, or using appropriate strategies. Tokens were exchanged for time on the computer or other rewards.

Immediate Positive Feedback – Staff provided specific praise right after James used replacement behaviors or followed through with non-preferred tasks.
Daily Progress Chart – A simple visual chart helped James track his success and stay motivated throughout the day.

4. Corrective/Extinction Procedures

Minimized Attention to Escalation – Staff responded to outbursts or refusal with calm, neutral prompts instead of negotiation or arguing.
Prompting Replacement Strategies – If James began showing signs of distress, he was prompted to use his break card or request help before behaviors escalated.
Natural Consequences – If James refused a task, he understood that preferred items would be available after task completion—not before.

5. Crisis Plan

For rare but severe behaviors (e.g., throwing objects), the plan included de-escalation steps such as providing physical space, using a quiet tone, and removing potential triggers without reinforcing the behavior.

Step 3: Fidelity Check/Monitoring and Progress Tracking

Consistency was essential. We built in tools to ensure staff followed the plan and strategies were working:

Daily Fidelity Checklist – Staff noted whether antecedent supports, replacement teaching, and reinforcement were implemented as planned.
Behavior Tracking Sheets – We recorded the frequency of defiant and disruptive behaviors, as well as James’s use of strategies like the break card.
Weekly Team Reviews – We met regularly to review data, celebrate progress, and make minor adjustments when needed.

Insights from Fidelity Checks

The data revealed that antecedent supports (e.g., structured transitions) were used consistently and effectively. However, reinforcement strategies needed occasional reminders to ensure preferred items were delivered promptly after positive behavior.

Once we confirmed that the plan was being followed with fidelity, we used behavior data to evaluate whether the interventions were having the desired effect (whether we had, in fact, written a successful BIP). If fidelity had been inconsistent, we would have focused first on staff training and support to ensure the plan was being implemented as written.

On the other hand, if fidelity had been high but student behavior hadn’t improved, that would have signaled a need to revisit the functional hypothesis or adjust specific strategies within the plan.

Step 4: Results and Reflection

After six weeks of consistent BIP implementation:

Defiant and Disruptive Behaviors Dropped by 60% – James had fewer incidents of refusal, arguing, or attempting to escape the room.
Increased Use of Replacement Strategies – He regularly used his break card or asked for help when facing a task he didn’t like.
Improved Transitions – With visual supports and consistent expectations, James transitioned more smoothly between activities—especially away from his computer.

This case demonstrates how a well-structured, function-based successful BIP can support long-term behavioral change—even for students with high levels of defiance or disruption.

Key Takeaways for Educators

Start with the Function – A strong FBA helps you understand why behaviors happen so you can design more effective, individualized interventions.
Address Triggers and Teach Skills – Prevent behavior when possible, and teach students tools to manage emotions, communicate needs, and stay engaged.
Consistency Matters – Fidelity checks help ensure that what’s written on paper actually happens in the classroom.
Use Data to Drive Your BIP – Behavior change is most successful when plans are built from clear, consistent data and regularly reviewed.

Behavior Intervention Plans aren’t just paperwork—they’re a structured way to help students succeed. When done well, they reduce stress for both students and staff while creating more opportunities for learning and growth.

Looking for support in creating a successful BIP from start to finish?
👉 Check out the Behavior Plan Template in my TPT store for a ready-to-use BIP template, real-world examples, and step-by-step guidance to walk you through the process.

Need a refresher on how to build a BIP using FBA data?
👉 Read my post on How to Use FBA Data to Build a Better Behavior Intervention Plan for a complete walkthrough of the BIP development process.

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